Single-level tutorial

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Tutorial for Single-Level Analysis

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Overview

Single-level analysis is described in six pdf files in different ways.
Click on the file below that you prefer and scroll through the material to get a feeling for single-level analysis.

Visualizing WABA

Click here to see the section in this manual about single-level analysis.
Click here for an overview of how this manual uses visualization.

Theory Testing book.

The Introduction provides an overview of the analyses in conceptual and theoretical terms.
Additional Information is available in the Preface of this book.

Original User's Manual.

The Preface of this manual provides an overview of the analyses in empirical terms.
Additional information is available in the Introduction of this manual.

Data Set A

Chapter 5 of the DETECT Manual

Section 5.1 of this manual gives a description of the sample data set.

The actual data

To download the data, click on data set A and save the page as text.

DETECT Program

DETECT for Windows® uses windows to tell DETECT what analyses to perform. All the windows available in DETECT are described in the manual. The manual uses single-level analysis and data set A as an example and all the other analyses follow. The actual program generated by DETECT for windows for this analysis is listed at the beginning of the output listed below.

Click here to view the complete DETECT for Windows® manual.

Output

Click here to see the actual program for and output from the single-level analysis of data set A.

Interpretation

The original Section 5.2 of Chapter 5 (2MB) of the DETECT manual shows how the output is interpreted. (Scroll to Section 5.2)
The DETECT Interpretation Guide gives a more detailed interpretation. (Scroll to single-level analysis tables)

Wherever the interpretations in Chapter 5 indicate a need to look up a value, DETECT for Windows® no longer requires it.

A selection of published studies with real data using single-level analysis

Illustration of Wholes:
Dansereau, F., Yammarino, F., Markham S., Alutto J., Newman J., Dumas M., Nachman S., Naughton, T, Kim, K, Al-Kelabi, A., Lee S., and Keller, T.(1995). Individualized leadership: A new multiple level approach. Leadership Quarterly, 6, 413-450.

Illustration of Parts:
Schriesheim, C., Neider, L. and Scandura, T (1998). Delegation and leader-member exchange. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 298-318.

Illustration of Equivocal:
Schriesheim, C., Cogliser,C., and Neider, L. (1995). Is it "trustworthy." A multiple levels of analysis reexamination of an Ohio State leadership study. Leadership Quarterly, 6, 111-145.

Illustration of Inexplicable:
Yammarino, F. and Markham, S. (1992). On the application of within and between analysis: Are absence and affect really group based. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 168-176.

For a nonquantative discussion of single-level analysis see:
Klein, K., Dansereau, F., and Hall, R. J. (1994). Levels issues in theory development, data collection, and analysis. Academy of Management Review, 19, 195-229.

For a discussion of the above published studies see:
Dansereau, F. and Yammarino, F. (2000). Within and between analysis: The varient paradigm as an underlying approach to theory building. In K. Klein and S. Kozlowski (Eds.) Multilevel Theory, Research and Methods in Organizations (425-466). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

A note about DETECT

DETECT's practical significance indicators ( such as Cohen's eta squared) are compatible with the 1999 report of the American Psychological Association Task Force on Statistical Significance that effect sizes should "always" be reported along with p values, and that "reporting and interpreting effect sizes in the context of previously reported effects is essential to good research" (p. 599)

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